Unpopular Essays’ by Russell

Name of contents of ‘Unpopular Essays?
Ideas that have harmed mankind,  Function of a teacher Philosophy and Politics,Philosophy for laymen,The future of mankind,Ideas that have helped mankind,

Describe the difference between Hegel and Locke's philosophy?
Hegel philosophical ideology says that "true liberty consists in obedience".Whereas Locke's philosophy offers a religious liberty.

What kind of suggestions Russell have for the Middle East?
His all the philosophy expresses the motto of peace.He says west should be stay away from the Arab nations and proposes the creation of a United Nations as peacekeeping force to guard Israel's frontiers to ensure that Israel is protected from aggression and prevented from committing it.

Explain 'Change is one thing, progress is another'.
It has been taken from the essay philosophy and politics it means "Change is scientific and 'progress' is ethical".

What is the Future of mankind?
According to him future of humanity is dark .There would be a third world war in which atomic weapons will be main source.It will create huge destruction.Superpowers win the war and will organize a world government.

Why did Russell wanted a prosperous future of mankind?
Russell wants a safe and prosperous future of mankind because he is a humanist.

How is Russell a pacifist?
Russell is against the war and opposes the idea of First World War so; he loses his job at Trinity College Cambridge. For this reason he is called pacifist.

What is the difference between Hegel and Locke’s philosophy?
Hegel philosophy says true liberty consists in obedience .Whereas Locke's philosophy offers a theoretical justification of democracy. It teaches religious toleration, and the limitations of governmental power by the system of checks and balances.

Define ’empiricism’?
It is a philosophy in which restriction of govt through system of check and balance, liberty of speech, religious tolerance and against the war. Empiricism is opposite to fanaticism .

What does Russell discuss in ‘The Philosophy of Laymen’?
He discusses  the  importance of philosophy in the life of laymen,without the help of mankind no one can get the better life because these people are the important part of our society.

What does Russell says ‘Intellectual Rubbish’?
It means that peoples follow, superstitions,false belief and baseless opinions without inquiring their validity.

According to Russell What evil desire have harmed mankind?
Pride,jealousy,hatred and superstitions have harmed mankind.


What is reason Russell is so complicated and his essays?
Following are the reasons;
His subjects are always difficult to understand ,his style is devoid of emotions,his style is not for average readers.His style appeals to the mind very little to feelings. 

How is Russell a pacifist?
Pacifist people do not like war and violence that kind of people condemned bloodshed and everything which cause destruction in human society.in simple words these people are called peacemaker. 

both sides in World War I ,In world war two he was an ardent opponent of nuclear weapons.

What is fear according to Russell?
Fear is the weakness in mankind in fact it is the main source of superstitions. 

Human ' is the basic concern of Russell. Why?
According to him humanity is everything he is not only a philosopher but also a humanist. His peacemaking has changed the ideas about the wars.
Describe the main idea of Russell's 'Philosophy and Politics'?
The main focus in the essay is the political consequences of Hegel's philosophy and the merits of Lock's philosophy of empiricism.

Why did Russell wants the idea of world government?
He is a great believer in a single government for the whole world.He says that the world can be saved from wars and destructions through the establishment of a world-government.