The British conquered Pakistan and the neighboring nations, including India, circa 1600 AD when English was first brought to Pakistan. Although the British introduced the language to Pakistan, they did not remain there for linguistic development. That a result, language did not develop in Pakistan in the same manner as it did in England.
Over time the English spoken in Pakistan became to be more similar to the English spoken in India than the English spoken in the West. There are thus many distinctions between the two "languages" to be remembered by foreign exchange students when they write or talk in English while they are away from home.
Differences in English between "Western" and Pakistani English
Between Western English and Pakistani English, there are many distinctions. These distinctions may be seen in both the language and speech used in writing and speaking.
Below are some of the major distinctions to be considered while writing English papers.
Hybrid Words Avoid
In Pakistan, there are many individuals who know how to talk and write in English, but most of them do not know how to speak or write in Urdu in Western English. Because of this, it is recommended to avoid utilizing Urdu terms in your writing, since others who read your work will often not understand them.
One frequent thing in Pakistan is to combine Urdu and English to create new terms. Once again, because the majority of English speakers can't speak Urdu, this "hybrid" term must be avoided. If pupils are unsure whether or not a term is hybrid, best avoid using that word and substitute a word, which they know is completely English.
Word Meaning Differences
Sometimes Pakistani English and British English have the same terms, but they imply different things. When terms like these are called, they are termed "semantic." Some of these instances are mentioned below.
Scene:
This may relate to a scenario in Pakistani English. This may refer to a number of distinct things in British English. Dictionary.com provides just the term 'scene' to three major meanings! "The location where an activity or event takes place," "any perspective or image" and "an occurrence or reality in life."
Timing:
Timing refers to a certain timetable in Pakistani English. In British English, however, a timing typically refers either to a person monitoring how long a job takes or to something.
Uncle:
Finally, an Uncle may refer to any revered elder guy in Pakistani English. In British English, however, uncles are exclusively a familial relationship. Uncles are only the brother of a parent or the spouse of their parent's sister.
These are only a few instances of some of the terms depending on culture with various meanings. Whether a student doesn't know if a term means the same in both English, then a dictionary should be consulted just in order to make sure that the word says what it implies.
American vs. British English Spelling
Many students who study abroad return home. While most Americans speak and write in English, they use American English. Pakistan uses British English spellings. Every other English-speaking nation uses British English, thus Pakistani pupils will seldom need to alter their spelling. If kids end up going to school in America, they should bear in mind a few important variations in spelling while writing papers.
The U is frequently dropped from terms like “colour”. Instead, it'd be "colour." This is true of nearly all nouns ending with “ou”.
In American English, S may be substituted with Z. An S typically precedes an E at the conclusion of a word. A good example is the term “organise.” It is spelt “organise” in American English.
S are sometimes substituted with C.
For example, in British English, “licence” is written “licence”. Notably, the S to C shift occurs before an E at the conclusion of the word, similar to the S to Z change.
Many spelling changes may appear random, yet they are critical to avoid losing points on an assignment.
However, students who want to study abroad should not be intimidated by the differences. After all, the two “languages” have more parallels than differences. No matter where they study, students will perform well on their writing tasks if they bear in mind the minor distinctions. However, many ESL students use essay writing services like Custom Writings, which employ experienced writers to create custom essays.
The northwest of the Indian Subcontinent resides in Pakistan. The international agencies mention 69 languages. However, there are not more than 15 main languages. One of these languages is English.
According to the UN, the following are the number of Urdu and English speakers: 104,000,000 Urdu Speakers (1990) 148,166,000 English Speakers (UN: 1998). English is utilized in a trilingual environment in Pakistan, where we see it living along with the very changeable regional language of the region. English Evolves The conclusion of the evolutionary process of more than a thousand years is English as we know it today. English is the language that has the world's undivided position. Its language has traveled a long way to this peak or summit. The voyage began with the arrival in the regions now known as Wales, Scotland, and Ireland of the Angels, the Saxons, and the Jutes. The Angels came from England and their language was called Englisc, whence derives the terms English and English. In approximately the sixteenth century, English that went through the stages of Old and Middle English acquired the shape of Modern English. With the colonial control of England, this language has gone to the regions currently included in Pakistan in the subcontinent. We could argue that English was transplanted under colonial control in Pakistan, like other African and Asian nations. English and Pakistan As the foreign rulers' language it was not embraced by the people, but Pakistan's ruling elite was strongly inclined to that language from the very beginning. Second, most of Pakistan's regions were not directly under the control of the British, such as Baluchistan, a significant portion of NWFP presently including Khyber Pakhtoonkha and the Sind's interior. English thus remained isolated from the culture of ordinary people in these regions. It is the consequence of this English behavior that the Pakistani dialect is seen as different from other English dialects worldwide. After Pakistan was established in 1947, English became Pakistan's de facto official language and English was codified in the 1973 Constitution. At the time of independence, the bureaucratic form of administration acquired from the British could not have been used in indigenous languages. The usage of English for 'system maintenance' persisted.
Status of English and Role in Pakistan
English has superior status and role in Pakistan English not only as an official language but also as an essential means of education in schools, schools, and universities, particularly at the professional education level. English has a higher standing in Pakistan. Moreover, in all socioeconomic strata, virtually all conversations in any language have an important English component in all sectors of contemporary society. Pakistani English as well as the English of other countries are strongly affected by Pakistan's regional languages. Many Urdu phrases or expressions like 'cummerbund' have entered the international language and are present in Pakistan as well. Moreover, in Pakistan today the biggest guards of the British Indian Army (such as Rawalpindi and Peshawar) are located, coupled with Pakistan's post-partition impact, ensuring that numerous military phrases are part of the local vernacular. British English is the kind taught (and desired). The strong impact and penetration of American culture via the TV, movies, and other media, in particular computers, has given considerable insight into American English, which is making it complete in the British style of Pakistani English. The interaction between Urdu and English began with word borrowing. This borrowing was reciprocal. Because of this bilingualism, English was borrowed in local languages, in particular Urdu, to a greater degree than word borrowing. However, there was little social contact between the two groups. This contact occurred between those who controlled the nation and the people who worked with it. Therefore, English was widely utilized by the Indians for written reasons. The British led to a separation among the Indian people by establishing two education systems, one by means of English, and the other by means of Urdu. This was just English for the wealthy. At the time of independence, English education was intimately involved in a series of economic, political, and social issues. After independence, the effort to rectify the mistakes was enormous and drastic reforms were necessary. Unfortunately, there was no such reform. Functions of English in Pakistan English functions in Pakistan may be characterized as four: Regulatory (Education) Instrumental (Inter-personal) Creative (Personal) (Literature).
Conclusion
English is the burden of many Pakistani students' life. But in Pakistan, it is the passport for progress, it is the official language and due to the effects of tourism, it becomes increasingly more important. But the overwhelming majority of Pakistani students are fighting with it. That's not their mother language. It does not help that several of them do not begin to study until they have finished elementary school. Pakistan has madrassas, medium Urdu schools, medium English and more costly schools.
BS English Semester 5
Subject: World Englishes Course Outlines Punjab University
- English As An International Language: An Overview
- Language Variations and Discourse; Language Variety and Culture Language
- English in the World -Its Spread, Functions, and Status
- The Three Circles of English In World Englishes
- Some Features of New Englishes
- British and American English in World Englishes
- English in South East Asia in World Englishes
- Pakistani English in World Englishes
- Indian English in World Englishes
- The Future of English
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