There is no exact study of the number of English speakers in India. In 1999, India's population surpassed one billion. It is claimed that middle-class individuals, especially in metropolitan areas, are sufficiently commanded by English in the subcontinent. 10-20 percent of the Indian population is considered to be classed as middle class. It may thus be estimated that there are 100-200 million proficient English speakers in India. The overall number of English speakers may reach between 300 and 400 million, including the number of poor English speakers that can communicate via English. If we add the number of English speakers on the subcontinent, the overall number of English speakers must be much more than that. It's a figure that can't be ignored. We explain Indian English in this article and explore the usage of English on the Indian subcontinent. First, we want to take some common instances of Indian English pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar. Later on, we would want to look at the potential for worldwide communication of non-native English, especially in Asia.
History of Indian English
Ambassador of ALFRED the Great may have been the first English speaker to visit India. According to the Anglo Chronicle, in 884, Alfred sends an embassy to India with presents for St Thomas's grave. His name occurs as Swithelm in one document, and Sigellinus in another. There was little or no interaction until 16c when European trade and colonial expansion started. The East Indian Company was founded by English merchants in 1600, and James VI sent an acknowledgment to emperor Jehangir in 1614 to Sir Thomas Roe as envoy to the Mughal court.
The company began its usage of English from trade "fabrics": Surat (1612), Madras (1639–40), Mumbai (1674), Calcutta (1690). At that time, the European merchants employed a PORTUGUESE form, now available since Portugal conquered Goa in 1510. Missionaries were crucial in the 18c English spread: at Márrques (1715), Bombay (1719), and Calcutta (1720-31) institutions such as St Mary's Charity Schools were established. By the 1830s, a prominent group of Indians had a strong feeling of Western thinking and culture and wanted to promote English as a way for Indians to acquire insights into such things. The Anglicans backed the transplant idea in a lengthy official debate over the medium of instruction for Indians, while the Orientalists supported the nativist view.
In 1857, in Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras, the first three Western-style universities were founded. By the end of 19c Allahabad and Punjab (last currently in Lahore, Pakistan) were added. By 1928, English was recognized as the language of the elite and its spread expanded following independence in 1947.
Following independence from the United Kingdom in 1947, the new Dominion of India and subsequently the Republic of India continued to speak English. The Indian Constitution states that English shall be the language of India's supreme court and all of India's high courts. However, as allowed by the Constitution, Hindi is also used by special presidential permission in courts in Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan. By 2018, the Punjab and Haryana high courts were waiting for the presidential consent to use Hindi alongside the English language.
Hindi and English Combination:
The word Hinglish is a combination of the English and Hindi languages. This usually refers to the usage of Hindi and English in macaronic hybrids. It is frequently the increasingly favored language of the urban and semi-urban Indian youth and also of the Indian diaspora abroad. In addition, the Hindi film industry, more commonly known as Bollywood, contains significant quantities of Hinglish.
South Indians Languages and English language Combination:
In South India, there are other macaronic hybrids, such as Manglish (Malayalam and English), Kanglish (Kannada and English), Tenglish (Telugu and English), and Tangling or Tamglish (Tamil and English).
Importance of English in India
Every day, English is growing popular. In Indian society, there is a passion for English. One cannot conceive of development without English literacy in this age of digital technology. There is an awakening to the study of English in society. Our administration has also become aware of the significance of English in the school curriculum. English was introduced from the beginning in the syllabi. More and more institutes for English teaching and learning have been established. Even in underdeveloped areas of the nation, English medium schools are prospering. They took advantage of this increasing popularity of English. They make excellent money. They make good money. Even a low-income family is now trying to educate their children in a medium English school. We cannot imagine prosperity at the expense of English being ignored. English learning is the key to success. English is also the medium of teaching at a higher level. English is the research and technology medium. All studies and research are conducted in English.
Conclusion
Unquestionably, in the 21st century, English became a truly Indian language. Military, aircraft, airlines, research and technology, higher education institutions, or international affairs, English is the language of learning and teaching. English is utilized more than any other language in many areas. English is essential in India since most books are printed in English.
BS English Semester 5
Subject: World Englishes Course Outlines Punjab University
- English As An International Language: An Overview
- Language Variations and Discourse; Language Variety and Culture Language
- English in the World -Its Spread, Functions, and Status
- The Three Circles of English In World Englishes
- Some Features of New Englishes
- British and American English in World Englishes
- English in South East Asia in World Englishes
- Pakistani English in World Englishes
- Indian English in World Englishes
- The Future of English
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