The Norman invasion of England in 1066
Introduction:
The year 1066 CE had a great impact on the history of
England, with it being the conquest of William the Conqueror, the Norman leader
in the country. As a result of the Viking invasion, the English kingdoms came
under foreign rule for the first time since the Anglo-Saxon invasion. This
marked a major process of political, social, and cultural change that would
affect England for years to come.
Reasons for the Invasion
William, the Dutek of Normandy, said that Edward the
Confessor had promised this English throne to him as his cousin. With Edwrad´s
death, the leaders of the noblemen in England acclaimed Harold, son of
Godwinson, as their king. In such a way, William received an opportunity to lay
siege to England with the army of the Normans. Apart from that, other
societies’ levels of wealth and strategic locations favored William’s campaign
to recapture the throne.
The Battle of Hastings
The Saxon king, Harold, with a larger army of 7,000 men, and
William, with his Normans, fought over the battlefield for three days before
the Saxon army was finally defeated in late October. The combat continued for
hours on hours, with a severe loss of personnel on the enemy as well as on our
side. Finally, the Normans prevailed thanks to trickery that they employed, for
example, a tactic known as feigned retreats. It was not just William that fell
head down but also Harold King at the battle end, which means resistance is no
longer concerted.
Therefore, the victory at Hastings did not mean that William
ceased to be troubled by rebellion; moreover, reinforced by it, the Normans
were able to capture the whole of England. Charles had his crowning in London
on Christmas Day in 1066, so the Norman authority is fully established. Without
any significant resistance, William soon started the construction of
motte-and-bailey castles and gave away the estates to his most loyal barons to
maintain control over affairs. He also asked for a Domesday Book, a book of
land holdings for collecting taxes.
Administrative and legal changes
The Normans made fundamental changes in administration and
the justice system among their English subjects. The government replaced Old
English with Norman French and Latin in formal documents. A more
straightforward form of government was made, with much more power being placed
with the monarchy. A single legal system had to be applied to all the citizens
of England as well. By making these changes, he seemed to solidify his power
and control as a king.
Cultural Impact
The Norman rule, on the other hand, brought the country's
cultural identity into question. As we assume Norman French and French
influences, the cultural impact would be taking place in England. In the Norman
architectural style, they were built all over the landscape: castles and
Romanesque cathedrals. By the Norman barons and church officials in succession
later, many of the already existing English nobles and clergy had lost their
power, and the position of the church officials started being important. During
the Norman Kings in the 1060s, the English culture evolved under Norman form.
Conclusion
The Norman Conquest, followed by the 1066 Battle of
Hastings, included the growth of a new Norman nobility through the replacement
of the Anglo-Saxon aristocracy. It was a turning point in the history of
English society. It helped in strengthening the monarchy, introduced some
cultural changes, and made England more European. The consequence of the
Conquest by William, in turn, still has its echoes in the English language, culture,
and institutions. It was a dramatic period in the British process of becoming
England and Britain over the centuries that followed.
